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Heating and buildings in Spain

Heating conditions, energy-efficiency improvements and the structure of the housing stock.

EUROSTAT · EU-SILC · CENSUS 2021
Unable to keep home warm15.9 %2025 · ilc_mdes01
Energy-efficiency improvement18.9 %2025 · ilc_lvhe08
District heating0.8 %2023 · ilc_lvhe01
Conventional dwellings26,623,7152021 · Census
Home energy poverty in Spain→ How are homes heated in Spain?→ Housing stock in Spain→
2025 · ILC_MDES01

Unable to keep home warm

Spain : 15.9 % · EU-27 : 8.8 %

20142025
2023 · ILC_LVHE01

Heating-system breakdown

Central heating8.7 %
District heating0.8 %
Individual heating56.4 %
No fixed heating17.1 %
No heating16.4 %
2021 · CENSUS

Housing occupancy

Conventional dwellings26,623,715
Occupied18,536,628
Unoccupied8,087,08530.4 %
2025 · ILC_LVHE08

Energy-efficiency improvement

Spain : 18.9 % · EU-27 : 23.8 %

20232025
EUROSTAT · OVERVIEW

Key reading note

Reference years differ by source: heating systems are measured in 2023, several housing-condition indicators in 2025, and housing-stock structure in Census 2021. Percentages from different blocks should therefore not be added together.

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