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HOUSING · HOUSEHOLDS · EUROPE

Household energy use in Europe

How is energy used in European homes? Heating, hot water, appliances, cooking and cooling, as well as gas, electricity and renewables.

Latest common year2024
EU-27 household energy consumption2 651 TWh9 544 155 TJ
Heating61.5 %
Electricity26.9 %
END USE

What is energy used for in homes?

Breakdown of EU-27 household energy consumption by end use.

Space heating61.5 %
Water heating15.6 %
Lighting & appliances14.8 %
Cooking6.4 %
Space cooling0.8 %
Other uses0.9 %
ENERGY SOURCE

Which energy sources do households use?

Main energy sources used in homes. In this Eurostat breakdown, electricity remains classified under electricity even when it was generated from renewable sources. Heat pumps and solar thermal are included within renewables and are also shown separately as reference points.

Natural gas29.5 %
Electricity26.9 %
Renewables22.8 %
Oil products10.4 %
Heat8.5 %
Other sources2.0 %
Ambient heat / heat pumps128.0 TWhSolar thermal27.1 TWh
EU-27 · 2024

The 27 European Union countries

Compare total consumption and selected structural shares. Total volume is strongly influenced by population, so percentages describe the household profile more clearly.

CountryConsumptionHeatingElectricityRenewables
🇦🇹Austria80.6 TWh66.5 %27.1 %35.8 %View household profile →
🇧🇪Belgium82.5 TWh71.2 %19.8 %13.1 %View household profile →
🇧🇬Bulgaria22.8 TWh40.5 %56.6 %23.8 %View household profile →
🇭🇷Croatia25.4 TWh66.8 %25.2 %43.4 %View household profile →
🇨🇾Cyprus4.0 TWh30.9 %46.3 %27.2 %View household profile →
🇨🇿Czechia73.1 TWh64.1 %21.4 %35.2 %View household profile →
🇩🇰Denmark48.1 TWh57.4 %21.4 %24.5 %View household profile →
🇪🇪Estonia11.4 TWh73.0 %20.6 %50.2 %View household profile →
🇫🇮Finland62.6 TWh64.5 %35.6 %33.3 %View household profile →
🇫🇷France424.7 TWh67.7 %35.5 %28.2 %View household profile →
🇩🇪Germany609.6 TWh64.6 %21.7 %15.7 %View household profile →
🇬🇷Greece44.8 TWh47.2 %38.5 %27.0 %View household profile →
🇭🇺Hungary62.0 TWh69.6 %20.8 %23.5 %View household profile →
🇮🇪Ireland30.6 TWh56.0 %27.4 %4.6 %View household profile →
🇮🇹Italy311.5 TWh64.1 %21.1 %21.6 %View household profile →
🇱🇻Latvia12.7 TWh63.7 %13.7 %40.4 %View household profile →
🇱🇹Lithuania18.8 TWh68.0 %17.3 %38.2 %View household profile →
🇱🇺Luxembourg5.2 TWh76.5 %17.1 %9.5 %View household profile →
🇲🇹Malta1.4 TWh20.0 %76.8 %14.4 %View household profile →
🇳🇱Netherlands89.4 TWh57.9 %24.2 %11.0 %View household profile →
🇵🇱Poland228.4 TWh61.7 %14.2 %26.4 %View household profile →
🇵🇹Portugal34.2 TWh28.8 %43.2 %36.7 %View household profile →
🇷🇴Romania86.0 TWh60.3 %16.2 %36.7 %View household profile →
🇸🇰Slovakia26.7 TWh57.2 %21.6 %20.9 %View household profile →
🇸🇮Slovenia12.0 TWh58.6 %35.4 %40.3 %View household profile →
🇪🇸Spain161.5 TWh35.8 %46.5 %15.8 %View household profile →
🇸🇪Sweden81.4 TWh56.9 %48.9 %11.1 %View household profile →
METHODOLOGY

How to read these data

Eurostat publishes nrg_d_hhq in terajoules. EnergyBoard also converts volumes to TWh for readability (1 TWh = 3,600 TJ). The six end uses add up to the total. Energy sources are another breakdown of the same total and must not be added to end uses.

Source: Eurostat · nrg_d_hhq · source unit TJ.

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