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Heating and buildings in France

Heating conditions, energy-efficiency improvements and the structure of the housing stock.

EUROSTAT · EU-SILC · CENSUS 2021
Unable to keep home warm11.5 %2025 · ilc_mdes01
Energy-efficiency improvement33.5 %2025 · ilc_lvhe08
District heating2.3 %2023 · ilc_lvhe01
Conventional dwellings37,042,0232021 · Census
Home energy poverty in France→ How are homes heated in France?→ Housing stock in France→
2025 · ILC_MDES01

Unable to keep home warm

France : 11.5 % · EU-27 : 8.8 %

20142025
2023 · ILC_LVHE01

Heating-system breakdown

Central heating14.1 %
District heating2.3 %
Individual heating80.0 %
No fixed heating0.8 %
No heating2.8 %
2021 · CENSUS

Housing occupancy

Conventional dwellings37,042,023
Occupied30,342,390
Unoccupied6,631,89117.9 %
2025 · ILC_LVHE08

Energy-efficiency improvement

France : 33.5 % · EU-27 : 23.8 %

20232025
EUROSTAT · OVERVIEW

Key reading note

Reference years differ by source: heating systems are measured in 2023, several housing-condition indicators in 2025, and housing-stock structure in Census 2021. Percentages from different blocks should therefore not be added together.

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