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Heating and buildings in Estonia

Heating conditions, energy-efficiency improvements and the structure of the housing stock.

EUROSTAT · EU-SILC · CENSUS 2021
Unable to keep home warm3.1 %2025 · ilc_mdes01
Energy-efficiency improvement29.0 %2025 · ilc_lvhe08
District heating51.7 %2023 · ilc_lvhe01
Conventional dwellings732,8362021 · Census
Home energy poverty in Estonia→ How are homes heated in Estonia?→ Housing stock in Estonia→
2025 · ILC_MDES01

Unable to keep home warm

Estonia : 3.1 % · EU-27 : 8.8 %

20142025
2023 · ILC_LVHE01

Heating-system breakdown

Central heating23.8 %
District heating51.7 %
Individual heating22.8 %
No fixed heating1.7 %
No heating0.1 %
2021 · CENSUS

Housing occupancy

Conventional dwellings732,836
Occupied557,146
Unoccupied175,69024.0 %
2025 · ILC_LVHE08

Energy-efficiency improvement

Estonia : 29.0 % · EU-27 : 23.8 %

20232025
EUROSTAT · OVERVIEW

Key reading note

Reference years differ by source: heating systems are measured in 2023, several housing-condition indicators in 2025, and housing-stock structure in Census 2021. Percentages from different blocks should therefore not be added together.

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